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Question 54-1 : Stress ? [ Concept english ]
Depending on its level, improves or decreases your performance.
Below a certain level, stress has a stimulating effect, helping you to concentrate better and perform more effectively when dealing with a situation. however, if the situation becomes critical and you start to tire, stress levels will rise and the effect will become negative, impairing your judgement and reducing your performance.
Question 54-2 : Stress is ?
The adaptation response of the individual to his environment.
Question 54-3 : The human sense that provides you the most information is ?
Vision.
Question 54-4 : The time required for complete eyes adaptation is ?
For high levels of illumination 10 seconds and for full dark adaptation 30 minutes.
Question 54-5 : A person's attitudes define a set of learned dispositions likes and dislikes which ?
Influence a person's reaction and response to people, situations, etc.
Question 54-6 : What are the main advantages that the human possesses over those of a machine in the decision making process ?
Creativity, innovation and adaptability.
Question 54-7 : The photosensitive cells being responsible for night vision are called ?
The rods.
Dark adaptation is an independent process during which each eye adjusts from a high luminance setting to a low luminance setting. the exact mechanisms are unclear, but they are known to include biochemical, physical, and neural. both rods and cones contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments..the photopigment in the rods is called rhodopsin..there are three different types of cone photopigments that are composed of opsins only slightly different from rhodopsin. upon exposure to light, photopigments undergo a chemical reaction that converts light energy to electrical activity, initiating visual impulses in the retina that are conducted by nerve fibers from the eye to the brain..the initial chemical reaction is called light adaptation and, in this process, the photopigments are decomposed. intense light will decompose the photoreceptor pigments rapidly and completely, thus reducing retinal sensitivity to dim light. regeneration of the photopigments occurs during dark adaptation..the fully dark adapted eye, in which photopigment regeneration is complete, restores retinal sensitivity to its maximal level. rods and cones differ markedly, however, in their rate of dark adaptation. cones attain maximum sensitivity in 5 7 minutes, while rods require 30 45 minutes or longer of absolute darkness to attain maximum sensitivity after exposure to bright light..the cones have a faster rate of photochemical regeneration because they function in greater light than the rods. the cones, however, do not achieve the same level of sensitivity as the rods. the rods slowly adapt to dim illumination, but eventually achieve a much greater sensitivity than the cones..depending on the preadaptation to light, dark adaptation is about 80% complete within 30 minutes, but it may take hours, or even days, to acquire total dark adaptation.
Question 54-8 : The eye cells being responsible for colour perception are called ?
The cones.
The cones detect colour vision and the fovea therefore gives us great resolution colour vision at normal every day light levels for things we are looking directly at.
Question 54-9 : Checklists have long been used in aviation, their primary purpose is to ?
Reduce error.
Question 54-10 : Checklists have long been used in aviation, their primary purpose is to ?
Serve as a memory aid to ensure no critical items are overlooked.
Question 54-11 : The requirement of good sunglasses is to ?
Absorb enough visible light to eliminate glare without decreasing visual acuity.
Question 54-12 : The available cognitive resources of the human brain ?
Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time.
Question 54-13 : The physiological rhythms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about ?
1 1.5 hours a day.
It takes about a day to shift one time zone. the internal circadian clock adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues..the rate of adaptation has been reported to follow a number of models. rates of one hour per day without countermeasures, or quicker adaptation during the first days have all been quoted..however, since the adaptation is highly dependent on the individual, to the direction of flight, to the number of time zones crossed, to exposure to environmental cues any simplistic formula is inappropriate..the direction of the time zone change is particularly important..in general adaptation after eastbound travel is much slower than after westbound flight.
Question 54-14 : The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning may be ?
A loss of consciousness.
It is important to understand that carbon monoxide poisoning can only occur if a person is in the presence of a source of the gas..in fact, the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are often difficult to recognize because they resemble symptoms of other health problems..you can suspect carbon monoxide poisoning when. one or more people are in a place where there is a source of carbon monoxide. these people experience symptoms. the symptoms subside or disappear once the people leave the area..the main symptoms of a light poisoning are headache. fatigue. nausea. vomiting..symptoms of a more serious poisoning are. dizziness. chest pain. problems with vision. difficulty concentrating..symptoms of an severe poisoning are. problems coordinating movement or muscle paralysis, which prevent the person from leaving the premises. loss of consciousness
Question 54-15 : Signs of stress include ?
Perspiration, dry mouth, dilated pupils, fast breathing.
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